2017 ASLA 分析规划类荣誉奖：滨水植物园，美国 / Perkins+Will
项目概述PROJECT STATEMENT 滨水植物园的总体规划详细阐述了将垃圾场转化为互动式景观，并提升社区舒适度的过程。这次景观改造是肯塔基州发展进程中，一次可以体现高水平可持续性设计、地域性和主导性的少有机会。该项目综合了滨水场地的自然优势，同时围绕着改革、探索和健康这三个主题创建了一系列充满丰富活动的场地，以满足儿童，园艺师，专业研究人员，艺术家，教师和厨师等不同人群的使用需要。此次设计在环保方面也表现十分出色，并囊获了“能源与环境设计”、“场地”、生活建筑挑战认证”多项大奖，以此提升了肯塔基州的可持续性建设标准。因此，滨水植物园或将成为了解可持续性建设的范例，并推动路易斯维尔市持续复兴。 The Waterfront Botanical Gardens Master Plan details the transformation of a former landfill into a lush, interactive landscape and community amenity for the City of Louisville, Kentucky. It represents a once-in-a-generation opportunity to design a visitor destination that would establish Kentucky as a global leader in sustainable design, localism, and stewardship of the land. The plan synthesizes the natural advantages of this waterfront site while cultivating a rich program founded on three major themes–Transformation, Discovery, and Health. The Gardens offer unique journeys for a range of users, from children and amateur gardeners to professional researchers, artists, educators, and chefs. Designed for the highest level of environmental performance, including LEED Platinum, SITES, and Living Building Challenge certification, the plan raises the bar for sustainability standards in the state. The Waterfront Botanical Gardens will be both a learning tool for sustainability and a catalyst for the continued renaissance of Louisville. 项目说明PROJECT NARRATIVE 项目介绍 INTRODUCTION 该项目的设计愿景是建造出景色宜人，能让游客参与其中并深受启发的植物园。通过参观体验该植物园，游客不仅会欣赏到丰富多彩的植物造景，还会学习到植物在塑造可持续性发展方面所发挥的作用。此次景观设计将使这块尘封了75年的荒地重获新生、更具有吸引力，成为该市的地标。 规划阶段，从场地分析，植物园研究，社区参与，方案设计到实施策略为期九个月。其间的一系列研究，旨在打造出一个具有路易斯维尔市独特场地个性，同时具有世界影响力的标杆项目。 分析和研究 ANALYSIS + RESEARCH 在研究过程中，设计团队深入了解了场地所在区域的背景、场地内的具体问题，以及目前的植物园建设发展趋势，并收集了一些成功案例。这一综合性的分析为后期的设计做好了充分的准备。 首先，设计团队分析了当地的文化、历史和自然特征，以及人流、车流路线。而其中一个主要目的是：希望通过了解城区和发展后的滨水场地的相似特征，来预测植物园建设对该社区今后的影响。而后，设计团队对这个23英亩（9.3公顷）场地的研究还包括了：水文，坡度，土质和现有植物群落，洪水水位，风速和方向，日照，以及来自附近高速公路的噪音影响。其中最重要的一个发现是，项目用地中一半以上的区域都呈现出15%以上的坡度。 前期研究还对明确公园主题和选择替代空间起了很大作用。通过对既有的30个公园的分析，开发商和设计团队达成一致意见：要在平衡当地特色与国际标准的基础上，打造出集丰富景致和多样体验于一身的植物园。于此同时，设计团队还归纳出了既有植物园中受欢迎的一些专类园，例如玫瑰园、儿童游乐园和食材花园，并融入了像Kentucky Prairie、Palisades花园和当地药用花园这类主题花园的设计特色。 另外，由于植物园正日趋向文化类机构发展。因此植物园内还设置一些用于艺术展示、科普教育和研究开发的设施，例如设置花园美术馆、儿童游乐园和可持续性展示花园，以增加更富有想象力的游览体验。 社区参与 COMMUNITY INPUT 收集五个社区居民对植物园的期望和想法是该项目的一个重要目标。这部分包括记录社区居民对景观的偏好，以及由设计人员组织的头脑风暴，收集种植设计想法和“打造独特的路易斯维尔”的方法等。 通过社区参与，建立出了不同的标准来平衡植物在可持续性方面的作用，并拟定出了园内活动的策划框架。更重要的是，在市民的反馈中，设计团队了解到了一些能够让该植物园吸引和保留更多游客的方法。围绕着植物园展开的全国性调查显示，其中最受欢迎的项目包括：文化、艺术和摄影展示、音乐类表演、社交集会、及养生活动，例如瑜伽、冥想或散步。规划中还包括了运用数字科技作为手段，吸引年轻游客前来游赏的内容。总体规划的最终实现，离不开社区会议上的反复讨论、主办方的大力推广和当地媒体的积极宣传。 设计 DESIGN 通过对这个23英亩的场地的整合，一系列既存在差异又有内在联系的花园被分配到了三个反映着既有场地特征的主题园区中。以为每位游客提供独特的游园体验。骨架似的长廊明确了南半区场地的东西走向，而北半区则被设计成充满自然野趣的风格。 该项目紧密联系了可持续性技术、建筑、工程和景观多个领域，能体现这一综合性开发的最明显场所则是游客中心和可持续性技术展示花园。在游客中心，可观赏到肯塔基州草原和建筑相结合的景观，而雨水花园则将建筑项目和场地联系在了一起。 可持续性技术展示花园融入了当今最先进的环保技术，以向游客普及环保知识。展示广场，让孩子和成人有机会参与到农作活动中，让他们通过操作园艺工具和水泵来了解可持续性系统。这些系统涉及了水和能源收集，以及黑水处理等相关内容，为该项目能赢得“生活建筑挑战认证”发挥了很大作用。在广场的一端是一个对公众开放的温室，游客可以在此观看到一些植物园的运作流程，抑或是学到和植物相关的知识。广场另一端设置了一个教育馆，专供开设一些课程和研究项目。 除此之外，植物园内还设有儿童游乐园，展望台和景观廊架。儿童游乐园以一个豆荚型的雕塑小品的形式向孩子们普及知识。白天，孩子们可以在其间嬉戏玩耍。到了晚上，这个豆荚会变身为一个能照亮整个花园的灯笼。展望台是一个体现现代设计手法的木制结构设施，提供了俯视Beargrass小溪的制高点，另外，游客在此还可以体验到和树冠亲密接触的感觉。最后，是一个爬满当地葡萄藤的景观廊架，它就像一个包裹着游客的有生命的雕塑，同时为其中的游客框选出了旁边大草坪和温室的美景。所有这些空间都是为了塑造出体现当地独特性的游园体验。 实施 IMPLEMENTATION 该团队制定出了三套文件：介绍这个项目的总体规划（122页），执行摘要（10页），和为开发商准备的设计过程手册（154页），其内容涵盖了拟建植物园的相关技术、成本估算，全套场地分析，以及设计草图等。文件中还包括一个能反映多功能过场地的盈利和募捐筹款机表会之间关系的图标。总体规划完成后，设计团队已经进入了方案设计的第一阶段，需要完成教育馆和可持续性展示花园的设计。 总结 CONCLUSION 在不远的将来，滨水植物园必将成为路易斯维尔发展的一部分。孩子们会在这里学习很多知识，例如食物是如何生的、什么是可持续性、清洁的水和土壤、本土植物和热带植物、感官植物和药用植物，如何在花园和自然环境中活跃起来，如何在自然环境中爱上艺术的，如何冥想，如何呼吸，如何种植…以及如何成为社区的一份子。 ▲场地历史 SITE HISTORY
这是一块临近市区却被遗忘的荒地。此次改造旨在使其恢复活力，带动旅游业，并成为城市品牌。
The site has morphed from neighborhood, to landfill, to a forgotten space near the heart of the city. This project will transform a 75-year scar on a city into a place that catalyzes redevelopment, brings tourists from around the world, and becomes an icon for the city. ▲内容分析 CONTEXT ANALYSIS
通过全面的场地分析，设计团队挖掘并记录了这个曾被作为垃圾场的地方的文化、历史和生态背景。
In addition to conducting a thorough site analysis, the design team expolored and documented the unique cultural, historic, and ecological context of the former landfill site. ▲场地理解 SITE UNDERSTANDING
场地条件为规划设计带来了巨大的局限性，同时提供了发展机会。这些场地条件包括大量的陡坡，肆无忌惮的植物群落和垃圾土壤层。
Complex existing site conditions pose significant limits to design elements while also allowing unique opportunities. These conditions included abundant steep slopes, invasive plant communities, and variable landfill soil strata. ▲人生经历 EXPERIENCE ACROSS A LIFETIME
该设计旨在为不同年龄段的人们提供具有多样性的游园体验，使他们能在这里找到适合自己的活动场所。
The gardens are designed to provide an engaging an dever-changing mix of activities for the widest possible audience. From the very youngest guests to senior citizens, visitors of all ages will find reasons to come back again and again. ▲集思广益的设计过程 COLLABORATIVE DESIGN PROCESS
社区参与为居民提供了一个实现自身目标和价值的机会，这正是设计这个公园的动力。
Community input gave participants an opportunity to highlight their goals and values which became design drivers for the Gardens. ▲总平面 master plan ▲主题体验 THEMATIC EXPERIENCE
每个专类园都旨在为游客提供独特的游园体验。为将这些体验联系到一起，园区内设计了三条主题游线，并由一条主干贯穿。
Each garden is designed to offer visitors a unique experience. To tie these experiences together, a series of thematic approaches are strategically integrated into the site. An east-west spine binds these approaches across the site acting as a touch point along the way. ▲主要植物体系 PERFORMANCE PLANT REGIMES
由于垃圾场土质极为复杂，因此必须深入研究如何能通过植物缓解土壤污染状况。设计团队通过土壤报告和植物研究发绘制出了一套植物对重金属的抗性表格，用于后期植物的选择。
Given the complex nature of the landfill soil composition, careful consideration has been given to how plant selection can aid in the sequestration of soil contaminants across the site. The design team used the soils report and plant research to develop a heavy metals tolerance matrix in order to best inform this plan selection. ▲可持续性学习工具 A LEARNING TOOL FOR SUSTAINABILITY ▲中央骨架 THE CENTRAL SPINE
翼型网格花架为游客提供了沉浸式体验
A sculptural trellis and ailée provide an immersive experience for visitors along the central spine. ▲小溪观望台 BEARGRASS
公园主环线的东侧设有一个观望台，游客可在上面观看小溪和其周边的泛滥平原
A dramatic overlook structure serves as the eastern terminus of the Gardens’ main circulation spine offering extensive views over the creek and its wooded floodplain. ▲儿童公园 CHILDREN’S GARDEN
设计师在改造过的林地中设计了一个儿童游乐园，用以加强孩子和自然的联系，并突出该植物园兼具娱乐性和冒险性的场地精神。
The Children’s Garden is set into a restored and enhanced native woodland reinforcing the authentic connection to nature that is central to this garden’s spirit of playfulness and advanture. ▲鼓励公共参与的植物园设计 garden design for universal access ▲雨水花园 bio-filtration gardens ▲教育馆和可持续性技术展示花园 education pavilion and sustainability gardens
该园区旨在突出教育展示功能，因此在其中设置了可进入式种植床，天气预报设备，实验室，水景以及展示授粉花过程的景观等。
This Garden and plaza are highly interactive with education exhibits, raised (accessible) planting beds for gardening, weather forecasting equipment, test plots, water and pollinator gardens and other elements. PROJECT NARRATIVE INTRODUCTION The vision of Waterfront Botanical Gardens is to create a botanical garden and conservatory of extraordinary beauty that engages, enlightens, and inspires people. Through those experiences, visitors will gain an appreciation and understanding of plants working to create a more harmonious and sustainable world. The project will transform a 75-year scar on a city into a place that catalyzes redevelopment, brings tourists from around the world, and becomes an icon for the city. The scope of work was a nine-month study that included site analysis, botanical gardens research, community engagement, design, and implementation strategies. During this period, the team focused on designing a project that would be distinctly Louisville while also being a place that could be an influential model that is studied around the world. ANALYSIS + RESEARCH The team conducted a series of studies to understand site context of the region, specific site issues, current trends in Botanical Gardens, and precedent projects. This comprehensive analysis provided the foundation for the design. As part of the first step, the team analyzed the cultural, historical, and natural contexts of the site on a city scale, as well as circulation for vehicles, pedestrians, and cyclists. One of the key components was to understand influences on the site especially with the close proximity to the downtown area and the redeveloping waterfront. A deeper dive to the 23-acre site analyzed the site hydrology, slope, soil quality, existing flora, flood plain levels, wind speed and direction, solar influence, and noise impacts from the adjacent highway. One of the most important findings of these studies was that almost half the site had slopes exceeding 15%. Research also played a large role in the development of garden themes, specific gardens, and alternative spaces. Through the analysis of over 30 existing gardens, the client and team agreed that there needed to be a balance between local and global palettes to create a rich and diverse experience. So while the research identified popular draws of botanical gardens such as rose gardens, children’s gardens, and kitchen gardens, the team balanced it with unique spaces like the Kentucky Prairie, the Palisades Garden, and a native Medicinal Garden that ties directly into Louisville’s rich history of healthcare. Further, as gardens today are rapidly moving into the role of cultural institutions, it means providing even more imaginative ways to experience the garden. Arts and entertainment became as essential as display, education and research and were incorporated into the Garden design through elements such as the Garden Galleries, the Children’s Garden, and the Sustainability Garden. COMMUNITY INPUT As a critical part of these project goals, the planning process included five community sessions to identify local desires and ideas for the Gardens. These sessions included visual character preferences, brainstorming ideas for programming, planting palette, and ways to make the Gardens “uniquely Louisville.” Through community input, a diverse set of criteria was established to balance the specifics of flora with sustainability, and a flexible design framework for garden events. But even more critical was the feedback to reach, attract, and retain a broader audience, beyond the traditional garden visitors. A study of best practices across botanical gardens nationwide revealed diverse programming including cultural, art or photography exhibits, musical performances, social gatherings, or health and wellness activities such as yoga, meditation or walking. The plan incorporates these opportunities and embraces digital technologies as a way to connect with young visitors. Through the master planning process, concepts were reviewed in open community meetings and extensively promoted by the client and publicized in local media. DESIGN The physical organization of the 23-acre site, a series of diverse yet inter-related gardens, is broadly divided into three thematic zones that respond to the existing character of the land. The Gardens are designed to offer an endless configuration of experiences so that each is unique for a visitor. The spine marks a clear orientation from the east to the west on the southern portion of the site, while the northern portion allows for visitors to get lost in an urban oasis. But the focus of design was a true integration of sustainability, architecture, engineering, and landscape into one seamless visitor experience. This integration is most evident at the Visitor Center and the Sustainability Garden. At the Visitor Center a native Kentucky prairie soars over the functional components of the architecture while a Water Filtration Garden (turning grey stormwater runoff to clean water) slips between the building programs, knitting the spaces together. The Sustainability Garden mixes back-of-house workspace with education at the highest level of environmental performance. A showcase plaza lets children and adults “get dirty” and learn sustainable systems by working with planters and water pumps. These systems, including water and energy collection as well as blackwater treatment, play a role in Living Building Challenge certification. At one end of the plaza, modern greenhouses are open for public engagement to expose the working side of the garden and provide additional educational opportunities. On the other side of the plaza, an Education Pavilion provides a home for classes and research projects. Other notable spaces include the Children’s Garden, the Overlook, and the Trellis. The Children’s Garden integrates education through architecturally sculpted seed pods. Children can interact by climbing, swinging, or crawling through the sculptures during the day while at night the seed pods transform into lanterns to create a beacon for the garden. The Overlook provides a viewing platform over the adjacent Beargrass Creek where visitors can gather and interact with the forest canopy. The structure of the overlook has been designed to play off the existing design language of the woods. Lastly, the Trellis incorporates a series of native vines and frames views to the nearby prairie and conservatory, enveloping visitors in a living sculpture. All of these spaces and more combine to create a unique experience only found at this garden. IMPLEMENTATION The team produced three documents: The Master Plan (122 pages) showcasing the project, an Executive Summary (10 pages), and the Design Process Book (154 pages) which is a technical resource for the client and includes cost estimates, full site analysis, design sketches and more. The documentation also includes a diagram of multi-functional spaces identifying event venues for revenue generation and donor opportunities which is currently being used for fundraising. Since completion of the Master Plan, the design team has been contracted for schematic design through construction administration for Phase 1, which consists of the Education Pavilion and Sustainability Gardens. CONCLUSION We see an opportunity for children and adults to be engaged, excited, and educated throughout the Waterfront Botanical Gardens. The diverse array of gardens offer striking beauty, provide memorable experiences, and tell fascinating stories in all seasons. They are meant to reflect both the particular sense of place of Louisville and the amazing diversity and richness of connections between people and plants throughout the world. In the near future, the Waterfront Botanical Gardens will simply be a part of growing up in Louisville. The Gardens will be where schoolchildren learn about food from the garden, sustainability, clean water and soil, native and tropical plants, sensory and medicinal plants, how to be active in a garden and in nature, how to love the arts while in nature, how to meditate, how to breathe, how to plant… how to be part of a community. PERKINS+WILL：
Leo Alvarez, FASLA, Landscape Architecture Principal
Alexander (Zan) Stewart, ASLA, Project Manager
Ralph Johnson, ASLA, Architecture Principal
Matthew Kuhl, Architectural Design Manager
Bryan Schabel, Design Architect
Thomas Brown, Landscape Architect
Katie Janson, ASLA, Branded Environments Designer
Luke Murphree, ASLA, Landscape Architect
Andrea Sandoval, Associate ASLA, Landscape Designer
Patrick Beals, Landscape Designer
Hannah Palmer, Graphic Designer
Lauren Fraley, Landscape Designer
GARDEN PLANNING CONSULTANT：David Sacks Landscape Architecture
COST ESTIMATOR：Robert Pass & Associates, Inc.
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